Hospitality Course Forecast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality Course Forecast - Essay Example Many countries have seen tourism result in the creation of a solid service sector that comprises almost all aspects of accommodation, transportation and activities or rather events. Tourism is sometimes referred to as leisure travel as most of its activities are recreational in nature. When you focus on something, it is likely that you will achieve your target. Setting of goals is quite significant in every line of business or career. As a hospitality student, one has to have personal goals some of which are highlighted below (Hospitality, 2011). i. Hospitality studies call for students to carry out analysis of complex quantitative and qualitative data to develop reports, financial worksheets and other related exercises using current tools for business automation. As a result, students’ primary goal should be attaining effective skills in written and oral communication, the use of technology as well as in quantitative reasoning required for handling these tools. iii. To learn and work both independently and collectively or collaboratively. Some activities require team-based working in order to accomplish successfully. Being able to work in both conditions (individual or team) is vital to the success of a hospitality career. iv. To develop the intellectual confidence, curiosity as well as engagement that will result in long-term learning. This is largely attributed to the fact that the hospitality industry is one of the most dynamic industries in the contemporary world. This can be achieved by engaging students with professionals in the filed like guest speakers, attending major conferences, and other events. v. Developing a global perspective that will enable the student to effectively work and live in a society that is increasingly global. This is because the industry is global with major hospitality industries in countries like UK having spread

Spanish Settlements and New England Colonies - 17th Century Essay Example for Free

Spanish Settlements and New England Colonies 17th Century Essay The Spanish began exploring America with â€Å"gold, glory and God† large in their minds. Cortes and the other conquistadors had conquered the empires of the South and Central Americas, but Spain wanted more. The Spanish explorers heard of great riches and cities built of gold northward, so that is where they headed, eventually arriving at what is now the southwest portion of the USA. The other Spanish goal was to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism. The British on the other hand, went to settle in New England to escape the religious persecution that they had to withstand in Europe. They came to America to be able to worship their gods in the manner of their choosing, and not in the way that their king or government decided they had to. Another reason they came to New England was because of the lack of jobs in Britain. So while both Spain and England came to America partly to gain riches, England wasn’t as blinded by gold as Spain was. Also, though both countries founded settlements, the Spanish were not looking to stay there permanently. They wanted to focus on converting the â€Å"savages† and stealing their gold and riches and getting back home to Spain. The English wanted to make a new home, though at this point they still considered themselves to be under the British crown, and had no aspirations to make their own country. Their reasons for coming to America were not all that set them apart however. They also had a completely different basis for economy. The Spanish bringing back as much material wealth as was possible to Spain to enhance the prominence and stature of their native land. England made their money by relying on manufacturing. They did exceptionally in the lumber, shipbuilding, fishing and whaling industries. The colonies were able to rade with England and other countries, and had amazingly strong economic development. Because the Spanish focus entirely on their materialistic holdings, their economy was nowhere near as strong as the colonies’ was. In the instance of economy, England was undoubtedly the prevailing country. The two countries also contrasted politically. The political system in the Spanish settleme nts was exclusively aristocratic. Spanish rulers controlled what went on in the New World and the settlements had little self-government. The people actually living in the settlements had to be the elite to be able to have any influence at all. The pureblood Spaniards were on the top of the social ladder and they had the most authority. The â€Å"half-breeds† who were a mix of Spanish and Native American were on the lowest rung of the ladder and had little or even no say in what went on. Though the New England colonies were still under the British crown and it’s rule, they had self-government to a large extent. Most of the colonies had a governor and some sort of representative assembly that were chosen by popular vote. Though the only people that could vote were white, male landowners, this was already a step towards the democracy we have today. The Spanish and the British also had different relations with the Native Americans that were there before them. The two countries went about dealing with the natives in dissimilar ways. The Spanish began to take advantage of the Native Americans. They looted their villages to extract as much gold and wealth as was possible from them. They exploited the natives and soon began to use them for manual labor on their land. The English had mixed relations with the Native Americans. Occasionally there was peace and intermittently there was skirmishing going on between the two groups of people. The colonists could not however enslave the natives as the Spanish did because they caught diseases and died too quickly. Instead they preferred to use indentured white servants that needed to pay off their passage to America black slaves captured and brought over from Africa to do their bidding. As you can see, even though Spain and Great Britain came to settle in America in the same century, living on different sides of the country and having different ideals caused their lives and settlements to go in completely separate directions. Their experiences showed how differently things could go with just a few distinctive factors in place.

Dirk Slander: Man with a Mission :: Short Story Stories Essays

Dirk Slander: Man with a Mission "Move your slag Princess!" The henchmen shouted at Princess Bithics, pushing her roughly with the end of his gun. The princess stumbled up the step in front of her and banged her knee on the ground. Dirk Slander struggled in his bonds to move toward her, but his captor tightened the grip on Dirk's neck, and punched Dirk in the back to quite him down. "None of that." A scratchy voice whispered in his ear. The man's hot breath floated over Dirk's shoulder and assaulted his nose; it smelled of old wine and rotten eggs. "You be a good boy Mr. Slander, or I tell Randolph there to give your Princess the once over." The man punched Dirk in the back again to make his point. Dirk gritted his teeth and grunted, but didn't cry out. Relaxing a bit, he allowed himself to be pulled back from the princess. She staggered to her feet, tentatively tested the bruised knee, and continued up the stone steps, now walking with a small limp. Dirk had no doubts she was in pain. Sweat beaded around her temples, causing her fine black bangs to stick to her forehead. Dirt was smeared on her cheeks, and blood from her bottom lip trailed off the corner of her mouth down her small but determined chin. She looked nothing like the Princess of Casmir, in fact Dirk would have thought her a different girl entirely if her eyes still didn't hold that radiating icy glare. Dirk had to admire her spirit; most women would be a bubbling mass of emotion by now. The princess had moxy, no doubt about it. "How much of the treasure did Gorgonzola promise you?" Dirk asked the man behind him, keeping one eye on the princess. "He promised me enough, don't you worry about that." Bree answered, and jabbed Dirk with the end of his pistol. Dirk grunted again, but managed to keep his footing. "Watching you die is all the payment I need." "You really think Gorgonzola is going to split with you? What's to stop him from double crossing you the way he double crossed us?" Dirk asked. While he talked, he tested his bonds. He hoped Bree couldn't see him struggling in the darkening twilight. "Mr. Slander I never trust anyone." Bree said, his voice sounded bored and tired. "Which is why I'm the one with the gun and you're the one marching to your death.

What Made Britain so Different from the Rest of Europe Before 1850

What made Britain so different from the rest of Europe before 1850? – By 1850, Britain had changed in a number of social and economic ways, for a variety of reasons, primarily the industrial revolution as the historians O’Brien and Quinault argue that Britain ‘represented a potent â€Å"example† for Western Europe and the United States of what could be achieved’ highlighting British superiority and influence. The consequences of this momentous event can still be seen in Britain and around the world today due to the technological and scientific discoveries and innovations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.The development of British industry consequently led to significant differences between Britain and other European countries such as France and Portugal, however, the industrial revolution was not the single contributing factor to these differences. The expansion of the British Empire changed British society and ultimately led to greater pow er and influence over Europe, alongside important events such as the Napoleonic Wars, which in turn led to naval and military supremacy, as Britain were affected less negatively in comparison to other European countries.This essay will argue that Britain was different to Europe before 1850 as a result of the industrial revolution and its consequences, the expansion of the empire and the Napoleonic Wars. It can be argued that Britain was different from the rest of Europe before 1850 as a result of the industrial revolution; however, one may argue that this was the case before the advent of industrialization.This can be attributed to the fact that the Industrial Revolution occurred primarily in Britain, rather than in any other European country, emphasising that there were significant differences in order for this to occur. Many historians will argue that Britain was the ideal nation for the events of the Industrial Revolution to occur in as the Agricultural Revolution had preceded it , therefore, productivity of the land and the labour force had increased, unlike in Europe.Furthermore, historians will argue that Britain initiated the revolution due to the fact that they ‘were already a long way ahead of her chief potential competitor in per capita output and trade’, which arguably can be attributed to their naval supremacy over Europe. Additionally, although debatable, it is suggested by the historian Mokyr that before 1780 ‘Britain was comparatively peaceful’ as the nation was politically and socially stable, as people respected institutions and the laissez faire government worked effectively, resulting in a suitable nvironment for industrial and economic growth . Moreover, Mokyr suggests that there were a number of other ‘British advantages’ such as the large amount of iron and coal available to them, alongside the geography of being an island, which decreased the likelihood of foreign invasions. Therefore, it is clear th at Britain was different from Europe before the Industrial Revolution occurred as they possessed significant political, social and economic advantages.Moreover, the Industrial Revolution is certainly a monumental event in causing substantial social, economic and political change, resulting in differences between Britain and Europe. In terms of positive social change, there was an ‘overwhelming transformation of social life in both industry and agriculture’ as the Industrial Revolution was extremely profitable for the middle class, in comparison to that of the nobility, as many workers gained employment in factories as new technology resulted in less need for labour in agriculture.Furthermore, urbanisation transformed cities such as Manchester, by dramatically increasing population from ‘40,000 in the 1780s to 142,000 by 1831’. Additionally, the life expectancy of children increased-the percentage of children born in London who died before the age of five de creased from 74. 5% in 1730–1749 to 31. 8% in 1810–1829, highlighting that healthcare in Britain had improved more so than in Europe. Not all social consequences of the Industrial Revolution were positive however.Child labour during this period was a serious problem-children as young as 4 were expected to work in factories in dangerous conditions with low pay. Working conditions were not only problematic for children, but also for adults, illustrated by Engels, who argues that the ‘industrial epoch’ had created ‘filth, ruin and uninhabitableness, the defiance of all considerations of cleanliness, ventilation, and health’ highlighting the unsanitary and unsafe surroundings. However, the government attempted to solve this problem with the Factory Acts of 1833.Housing also became a problem as many poor people lived in tiny houses, with extremely bad sanitation, which in turn led to tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid and lung disease. However, while t his is true, in the context of the time, the workers and middle class did benefit greatly from the Industrial Revolution in some way, as wages increased and ‘widespread poverty and constant threat of mass starvation†¦lessened, [and] overall health and material conditions of the populace clearly improved’.Therefore it is clear that Britain was different in social terms as a result of the Industrial Revolution to Europe due to urbanisation, more jobs, a population increase and better health care. Additionally, Britain can be seen to be different from Europe in 1850 as a result of the economic consequences of the Industrial Revolution, which brought about a ‘modern economy’. The economy had already been transformed by the agricultural revolution as the labour force had grown, which in turn had increased productivity creating larger profits, highlighted by the fact that the male labour force in industry in Britain in 1840 was 47. % in comparison to Europeà ¢â‚¬â„¢s 25. 3%. Moreover, the creation of the factory had improved production levels and therefore decreased production costs, which bettered the economy, unlike in Europe where agriculture still played a dominant role. While it is true that the British economy did improve during the Industrial Revolution, the extent of it is often exaggerated. The rate of growth of income per capita between 1760 and 1800 was at ‘0. 2% a year’ and from 1800 to 1830 increased only to ‘0. 5%’.However, while this is true, the economic effects of the Industrial Revolution meant that ‘Britain in 1850 had the highest income level in the world’ and became ‘the leading economic and technological nation†¦with all the political prestige and power that came with that’. Therefore, it is clear that there were distinct economic differences between Britain and Europe as a result of the Industrial Revolution, as Britain’s economy was based on industry , whereas many European countries such as France had not industrialised their economy effectively and were still reliant on agriculture.In addition to this, a fundamental difference between Europe and Britain even before 1850, was the expanding British empire. The strength and scale of the empire meant that Britain had better trade links with America, the West Indies and India. Thus, they had the advantage of having access to a number of raw materials and exports from these countries that were not readily available to the rest of Europe.Although it can be argued that other European countries such as France, Spain and Portugal had colonies within America and so could therefore also trade with their colonies, it is evident that that the ‘global trade network [was] dominated by British shipping’ as Britain’s naval supremacy made importing and exporting manufactured goods much easier and more profitable, bettering their own economy in comparison to that of Europe. Mo reover, Britain were able to expand their empire and their trade links as they did not engage in wars commonly, on a scale that France and other European countries did, such as in the case of the Napoleonic Wars.Although Britain did involve themselves in the Napoleonic Wars, their military resources were much better than those in Europe and so they were less affected by its Therefore, it is clear that the scale of Britain’s empire in comparison to that of other European nations was much larger, which in turn led to greater differences in trade, whilst their military supremacy made recovering from wars much easier. In conclusion, it is certainly clear that there were fundamental differences between Britain and Europe before 1850, many primarily as a result of the industrial revolution.Whilst Britain were different to Europe before the beginning of industrialization, shown by the fact that the revolution occurred primarily in Britain, rather than in any other European country, it is clear that the consequences of the industrial revolution shaped British society, and the world, with its effects still being seen today. Although the empire and Napoleonic Wars were advantageous to Britain before 1850 in improving trade links and maintaining naval and military supremacy, the effects of the revolution made Britain superior to other European nations in political, social and economic terms.Therefore, it is clear that the differences between Britain and Europe occurred as a result of the expanding empire, effects of the Napoleonic Wars, but primarily was due to the social and economic effects of the industrial revolution. Bibliography * Asa Briggs, ‘Manchester, Symbol of a New Age’, Victorian Cities. (New York and Evanston: Harper and Row, 1970) pp. 88-138. * N. F. R. Crafts, The Industrial Revolution: Economic Growth in Britain, 1700-1860. * Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844, (Cosimo Inc. , 2009) * Valerie Hansen , Kenneth Curtis, Kenneth R.Curtis, Voyages in World History, Volume 2, (Cengage Learning, 2003) * Eric Hobsbawm, History of Civilisation: The Age of Revolution, Europe 1789-1848 (London, 1969) p. 29. * Joel Mokyr, ‘The Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. * Patrick O’Brien and Roland Quinault, The Industrial Revolution and British Society (Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 231. * Glenn Porter, ‘Industrial Revolution. ’, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. (Microsoft Corporation, 1999) ——————————————– [ 1 ].Patrick O’Brien and Roland Quinault, The Industrial Revolution and British Society (Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 3. [ 2 ]. Eric Hobsbawm, History of Civilisation: The Age of Revolution, Europe 1789-1848 (London, 1969) p. 29. [ 3 ]. Joel Mokyr, â₠¬ËœThe Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. [ 4 ]. Joel Mokyr, ‘The Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. [ 5 ]. Patrick O’Brien and Roland Quinault, The Industrial Revolution and British Society (Cambridge University Press, 1993) p. 31. [ 6 ]. Asa Briggs, ‘Manchester, Symbol of a New Age’, Victorian Cities. (New York and Evanston: Harper and Row, 1970) pp. 88-138. [ 7 ]. Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844, (Cosimo, Inc. , 2009) [ 8 ]. Glenn Porter, ‘Industrial Revolution. ’, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. (Microsoft Corporation, 1999) [ 9 ]. Joel Mokyr, ‘The Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. [ 10 ]. N. F. R. Crafts, The Industrial Revolution: Economic Growth in Britain, 1700-1860 [ 11 ].Joel Mokyr, ‘The Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. [ 12 ]. Joel Mokyr, ‘The Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. [ 13 ]. N. F. R. Crafts, The Industrial Revolution: Economic Growth in Britain, 1700-1860. [ 14 ]. Joel Mokyr, ‘The Industrial Revolution’, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Economic History, (Oxford University Press, 2003) vol. 3, pp. 49-56. [ 15 ]. Valerie Hansen, Kenneth Curtis, Kenneth R Curtis, Voyages in World History, Volume 2, (Cengage Learning, 2003) p. 664.

Lab Report Essay

Lab Report: Exercise 2: Blood Purpose: Explain why you did this lab and what if any safety precautions needed to be followed. This lab was done to learn about blood on a micro and macroscopic level. There are safety concerns when using bodily fluids. Gloves were needed and caution with the use of the lancet was important, which included keeping it sterile. Activity 1: Observing Your Own Blood Observations: Sketch and describe what you saw on the prepared slide of human blood: White blood cells are a light pinkish color and clearer in the center. The doghnut shape was not easy to see but can be made out. The centers are clearer because there is less mass there. The white blood cells were dark and looked very similar to me. Sketch and describe what you saw on the blood smear slide using your own blood: There were a lot less white blood cells on my slide of my own blood. The red blood cells also seems to be more grouped into certain sections. I’m curious if I cut my foot if that would increase the amount of white blood cells in circulatory rotation or would the increase in white blood cells only happen around the cut area of my foot. I think I may have to try this experiment next time a scrape something. Questions: A.What are the components of blood? The main components include three types of cells (leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets) and plasma. B.List the five types of leukocytes and describe the function of each. Neutrophils comprise 60-70% of white blood cells. They are the first to respond to infection and move into tissues and phagocytize bacteria and foreign matter. They also secrete enzymes called lysozumes that destroy certain bacteria. Eosinophils comprise 2-4% of white blood cells. They enter tissues undergoing an allergic response. They reduce the inflammatory response by producing enzymes that destroy inflammatory chemicals, such as histamine. They also release toxic chemicals that attack certain work parasites. Basophils comprise .5-1% of white blood cells. They increase in number during allergic and inflammatory reactions. They release histamine to increase inflammation and heparin to inhibit blood clotting. Lymphocytes comprise 20-25% of white blood cells. They play an important role in immunity and produce antibodies. Monocytes comprise 3-8% of white blood cells. They leave the circulation and become macrophages and phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and other debris. C.What did you learn making a blood smear slide? I learned that milking the incision site is not a good idea because it forces tissue fluid out as well as blood. This was not something I considered before. I also learned that you have to wait a while for the Wright’s stain to take hold of the cells. Had I not read closely I may have rushed this step and not got cells that I could see easily. I also learned that in order to get a better look at the cells one needs to look at a thinner area because the thicker areas overlap cells which makes it difficult to observe them. Activity 2: Blood Typing Observations: What is your blood and Rh type? Type O+ Questions: A.Describe how the ABO blood typing system works. In the ABO blood type, there are two main anitgens or agglutinogens, A and B. A type has the A antigen, B type B antigen, O none, and AB both the A and B antigen. O is a universal donor due to its lack of antigens and AB is a univeral reciepient due to the fact that it has both antigens. If the A antibodies find A antigens on red blood cells we say the person’s blood is type A. B.Why is it important for everyone to know their own blood type? In an emergency situation a person may not have time to have their blood tested. There may not even be a way to test there blood when a situation that requires a blood tansfussion occurs. In this situation the person trying to administer the transfusion needs to know what type of blood the recipient has because transfusing the wrong type of blood is dangerous and will be rejected by receivers body. If I was ship wrecked I would want to know who had what type of blood so that in an emergency situation blood could be transfused. That is assuming that equipment for such a procedure was available. I have a catheter from my nursing classes bag in my car at all times. If natural disaster strikes, I’m slightly prepared. C.Describe what would happen if type A blood were transfused into a person with type B blood. A transfusion reaction will occur, meaning that a reaction occurs when the antigens on the red blood cells of the donor blood react with the antibodies in the recipient’s plasma. This causes the red blood cells to clump together and plug up blood vessels. Then the cells are destroyed by the body (hemolysis), releasing hemoglobin from the red blood cells into the blood. Hemoglobin is then broken down into bilirubin, which can cause jaundice. D.What happens in the blood of an Rh-negative individual who is exposed to Rh-positive blood? The Rh negative person develops antibodies that attack Rh positive blood. This can be a serious problem for a pregnant mother with a Rh positive child. The disorder is called HDN. Activity 3: Review of Blood 1.Log onto the Hands-On Labs Website and click on exercise 2. 2.Click on the link â€Å"Get Body Smart†. 3.Click on the â€Å"Circulatory System†. 4.Review each of the following modules: Introduction to the blood, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Coagulation. 5.Explain how the various elements found in blood work together to provide a unified function for the body. The main function of blood is to be a delivery system. It is like the highway of your body. Or actually more like the trucks of your body and the veins and arteries are the roads. The blood transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues. In order to do this many elements work together in the blood. The hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transportation. Iron acts as a binding agent. White blood cells are the police of the road. They protect the cargo and destinations it is shipped to. They also clean up any messes that are left around (busted red blood cells, foreign bodies, bacteria). The albumin in the plasma regulates osmotic pressure so that the traffic flows appropriately, The different white blood cells control other problems by increasing macrophages and inflammation or decreasing inflammation. The body is a mini city with eveything working toward homeostasis, and the blood is no exception. Conclusion: Describe how leukemia affects the functional capacity of the blood. Leukemia results in an increase of blood cells that can clog bone marrow and blood vessels. The thrombosis result in an inability of blood cells to pass and blood count decreases. This result in a decreased ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

Definition and Examples of a Concrete Noun

Definition and Examples of a Concrete Noun A concrete noun is a  noun (such as chicken or egg) that names a material or tangible object or phenomenon- something recognizable through the senses. Contrast with an abstract noun. In grammar, notes Tom McArthur, an abstract noun refers to an action, concept, event, quality, or state (love, conversation), whereas a concrete noun refers to a touchable, observable person or thing (child, tree) (Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, 2005). Examples and Observations Pound cakes sagged with their buttery weight and small children could no more resist licking the icings than their mothers could avoid slapping the sticky fingers.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)The black candle fell out of its brass holder and the flame touched the dry petals and leaves. (John Twelve Hawks, The Traveler. Doubleday, 2005With your sheets like metal and your belt like lace,And your deck of cards missing the jack and the ace,And your basement clothes and your hollow face,Who among them can think he could outguess you?(Bob Dylan, Sad-Eyed Lady of the LowlandsAt middle age the soul should be opening up like a rose, not closing up like a cabbage.(John Andrew HolmesIt came to me today, walking in the rain to get Helen a glass of orange juice, that the world exists only in my consciousness (whether as a reality or as an illusion the evening papers do not say, but my guess is reality).(James Thurber, letter to E.B. White, October 6, 1937. Se lected Letters of James Thurber, ed. by Helen Thurber and Edward Weeks. Little, Brown, 1981 John Updikes Concrete Nouns I kept looking out of the windows. The three red lights of the chimneys of the plant that had been built some miles away, to mine low-grade iron ore, seemed to be advancing over our neighbor’s ridged field toward our farm. My mother had mistaken me for a stoic like my father and had not put enough blankets on the bed. I found an old overcoat of his and arranged it over me; its collar scratched my chin. I tipped into sleep and awoke. The morning was sharply sunny; sheep hustled, heads toppling, through the gauzy blue sky. It was an authentic spring in Pennsylvania. Some of the grass in the lawn had already grown shiny and lank. A yellow crocus had popped up beside the BEWARE OF THE DOG sign my father had had an art student at the high school make for him.(John Updike, Packed Dirt, Churchgoing, a Dying Cat, a Traded Car. Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Balancing Abstract and Concrete Diction Beauty and fear are abstract ideas; they exist in your mind, not in the forest along with the trees and the owls. Concrete words refer to things we can touch, see, hear, smell, and taste, such as sandpaper, soda, birch trees, smog, cow, sailboat, rocking chair, and pancake. . . .Good writing balances ideas and facts, and it also balances abstract and concrete diction. If the writing is too abstract, with too few concrete facts and details, it will be unconvincing and tiresome. If the writing is too concrete, devoid of ideas and emotions, it can seem pointless and dry.(Alfred Rosa and Paul Eschholz, Models for Writers: Short Essays for Composition. St. Martins, 1982)Abstract and general terms represent ideas, explain attitudes, and explore relationships such as contingency (if something will happen), causality (why it occurs), and priority (what is first in time or importance). Concrete and specific words clarify and illustrate between abstract and concrete words and general and speci fic language, blending them naturally. To achieve this mix, use abstract and general words to state your ideas. Use specific and concrete words to illustrate and support them.(Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy II, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) The Ladder of Abstraction The Ladder of Abstraction is one way to visualize the range of language from the abstract to the concrete- from the general to the specific. On the top of the ladder are abstract ideas like success, education, or freedom; as we move down each rung of the ladder the words become more specific and more concrete. When we reach the bottom rung of the Ladder of Abstraction, we should find something that we can see or touch, hear, taste, or smell.(Brian Backman, Persuasion Points: 82 Strategic Exercises for Writing High-Scoring Persuasive Essays. Maupin House, 2010)

Play script Essays - Culture, Human Behavior, Entertainment

Play script Essays - Culture, Human Behavior, Entertainment Group Play Script Man living in his house Narrator: old man Jones living there. he's been there for a long time. All his memories are here. Landlord comes and (air knock on door) "Hello Mr. Jones how are you" "I'm here to notify you that as of next month the rent prices will be increasing" (charges more on living space) "I'm sorry sir, but the developer told me i had to raise the prices, the competition of the housing complexes is getting fierce" "Besides there's other people willing to pay more for this house" "I have to keep up with the market you know" Narrator: this is an example of capitalism. With the mindset to maximise profit the landlord has kicked the elderly man out Man is obviously upset, talks about family and living here forever Man is homeless now Narrator: Fast forward this man is now homeless and the home that held all his memories is now for sale "White man" Connor comes talks to the landlord and inquires about the property and talks about how cheap the living area is. Narrator: The price of living went from 800 to 1,600 which was a steal for Connor Narrator: in a fit of rage Jones fights Connor and gets arrested *i'm arresting him* Jones realizes Connor has taken his home As narrator returns to spot Landlord: "I'm sorry for what just happened our neighborhood has changed drastically and some people just aren't happy with it" "the crime rate has actually decreased in this neighborhood" Narrator: This is a prime example of Pyrrhic defeat which is a theory by J. Reiman. Pyrrhic defeat theory explains how the criminal justice system serves the rich by its failure to defeat crime. The criminal just creates the image that crime is exclusively the work of the poor which in turn serves the interest of the powerful. The crimes done by poor people has been reported as going down but by the pyrrhic defeat theory it is just being masked to hide the true crime which in this case is gentrification that is being done by the developers. Starts presentation Gentrification is: the process in which affluent people move into poor homes and neighborhoods and attract new and more expensive businesses

Acids and Bases Terms and Definitions

Acids and Bases Terms and Definitions There are several methods of defining acids and bases. While these definitions dont contradict each other, they do vary in how inclusive they are. The most common definitions of acids and bases are Arrhenius acids and bases, Brà ¸nsted-Lowry  acids and bases, and Lewis acids and bases. Antoine Lavoisier, Humphry Davy, and Justus Liebig also made observations regarding acids and bases, but didnt formalize definitions. Svante Arrhenius  Acids and Bases The Arrhenius theory of acids and bases dates back to 1884, building on his observation that salts, such as sodium chloride, dissociate into what he termed ions when placed into water. acids produce H ions in aqueous solutionsbases produce OH- ions in aqueous solutionswater required, so only allows for aqueous solutionsonly protic acids are allowed; required to produce hydrogen ionsonly hydroxide bases are allowed Johannes Nicolaus Brà ¸nsted - Thomas Martin Lowry Acids and Bases The  Brà ¸nsted or  Brà ¸nsted-Lowry theory describes acid-base reactions as an acid releasing a proton and a base accepting a proton. While the acid definition is pretty much the same as that proposed by Arrhenius (a hydrogen ion is a proton), the definition of what constitutes a base is much broader. acids are proton donorsbases are proton acceptorsaqueous solutions are permissiblebases besides hydroxides are permissibleonly protic acids are allowed Gilbert Newton Lewis  Acids and Bases The Lewis theory of acids and bases is the least restrictive model. It doesnt deal with protons at all, but deals exclusively with electron pairs. acids are electron pair acceptorsbases are electron pair donorsleast restrictive of the acid-base definitions Properties of Acids and Bases Robert Boyle described the qualities of acids and bases in 1661. These characteristics may be used to easily distinguish between the two sets up chemicals without performing complicated tests: Acids taste sour (dont taste them!)- the word acid comes from the Latin acere, which means souracids are corrosiveacids change litmus (a blue vegetable dye) from blue to redtheir aqueous (water) solutions conduct electric current (are electrolytes)react with bases to form salts and waterevolve hydrogen gas (H2) upon reaction with an active metal (such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum) Common Acids citric acid (from certain fruits and veggies, notably citrus fruits)ascorbic acid (vitamin C, as from certain fruits)vinegar (5% acetic acid)carbonic acid (for carbonation of soft drinks)lactic acid (in buttermilk) Bases taste bitter (dont taste them!)feel slippery or soapy (dont arbitrarily touch them!)bases dont change the color of litmus; they can turn red (acidified) litmus back to bluetheir aqueous (water) solutions conduct an electric current (are electrolytes)react with acids to form salts and water Common Bases detergentssoaplye (NaOH)household ammonia (aqueous) Strong and Weak Acids and Bases The strength of acids and bases depends on their ability to dissociate or break into their ions in water. A strong acid or strong base completely dissociates (e.g., HCl or NaOH), while a weak acid or weak base only partially dissociates (e.g., acetic acid). The acid dissociation constant and base dissociation constant indicates the relative strength of an acid or base. The acid dissociation constant Ka is the equilibrium constant of an acid-base dissociation: HA H2O ⇆ A- H3O where HA is the acid and A- is the conjugate base. Ka [A-][H3O] / [HA][H2O] This is used to calculate pKa, the logarithmic constant: pka - log10 Ka The larger the pKa value, the smaller the dissociation of the acid and the weaker the acid. Strong acids have a pKa of less than -2.

Ecotourism in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ecotourism in China - Term Paper Example Some of the core areas where ecotourism intends to operate are: facilitating environmental sustainability and ecological conservation of different types of habitats that may exist in a certain geographical region. In addition to this, ecotourism pre-dominantly accentuates upon the social aspects and dimensions of tourism, rather than focusing on acquiring commercial and monetary gains only. Different agendas and programs, which are launched and initiated under the banner of ecotourism policies, intend to launch schemes and awareness programs. By the help of these programs, they can educate and inform people at a massive level. This education looks at different ways through which people can play a proactive role in bettering their very own environment. At the same time, it also urges them to make efforts through which sustainable development of environment is possible. Case of Yixian valley and Ecotourism in China The Yixian Valley is located about 450 km from Shanghai, in the south o f Anhui Province and close to Huangshan. It’s famous for "Yellow Mountains", landscapes and pleasant weather. This valley is a member of the global network of UNESCO Geoparks. By the end of 2004, benefiting from very high investments, the region implemented 290 projects in eight key programs. These programs were aimed at the development of ecotourism, organic farming, and preservation of scenic beauty, energy enhancement, water work industry, development planning and transport. The key selection criteria due to which Yixian has been selected, is the fact that it is one of those places in the country where some serious and high level efforts for the development of ecotourism have taken place in recent years. This place has also been a centre of ecotourism investment, even for... The paper describes some of the fundamental organizations which are playing a proactive part and role in ensuring the sustainability of ecotourism in China. An important company to mention in this context is Wild China. This company was founded in 2000 by entrepreneur Zhang Mei, a Chinese native of Yunnan Province, who was educated in the United States. The company decided to help the government of the province to develop its tourist economy while preserving the beauty of places and cultures. Since its founding, Wild China is naturally oriented towards ecotourism. It started by organizing custom tours for individual travelers and has always proposed routes outside areas traditionally popular with mass tourism. It deliberately started its operations in the western provinces, such as Qinghai and Gansu, where no one was operational in 2000. At that time, all agencies were facing east, the most developed region of China. From the very beginning, the company only worked with local guides, train and paying tourists. It was a revolution since many guides in China are poorly paid and are forced to pay commissions to stores from where they take groups. It also marketed on saving paper by printing brochures on recycled paper and refraining from using plastic in its operations. In places like Beijing, they tried to take tourists to areas less frequented and organized meals with the residents, as well as the traditional tai-chi workshops. Since then, that unique business proposition of Wild China has been copied! For them, the goal is not to "make China" but to meet Chinese people.

Discuss Question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discuss Question - Coursework Example (n.p.). Offshoring is considered to be an advantage to most of the businessmen but it became a problem when impact to the economy was observed during the increasing rates of offshoring. The increasing awareness on the impact of offshoring to the United States’ economy had raised the fears among American workforce and global economy, particularly to the white collar jobs. The U.S. economy is still in recovery and yet, unknown threats of offshoring proliferates the American workforce. Instead of allotting job opportunities for millions of Americans who are unemployed, slots were given to the developing countries. I know that offshoring is one of the ways to be cost-effective in terms of business but the nation should also consider how to stabilize the American workforce and win the global economy. Aside from shortlisting of jobs in U.S., the Center for American Progress (2011) identified impacts of offshoring to the global economy of U.S; among of which are the following: slow c reation of jobs, pain and suffering due to loss of jobs, lack of specific policy proposals, and uncompetitive health care and education system (n.p.). Government must address these issues in order to continue to compete in the global economy. How large might be the impact of offshoring to the U.S. ... Yes, I think that there should be a global internet privacy policy. Many of the web services, particularly companies and businesses, collect information from the user. However, issues regarding establishment of a global internet privacy policy prevails because most of the web services online lack consistency in the applicability and content of privacy laws across jurisdictions (Fleischer, 2010, n.p.). In order to determine the applicability of a global internet privacy policy, it is essential to analyze the different jurisdictional approaches of privacy and data protection laws around the world. These includes location of the organization using the data, location of the people whose data is being used, place where the actual processing happens, multinational operations, use of equipment, cloud computing in terms of location of processing and equipment, international privacy standards, treaty dealing with conflicts of law, country of origin and accountability principle, and voluntary submission to one regime (Fleischer, 2010, n.p.). A perfect example of the need to implement a global internet privacy policy is demonstrated on the benefits derived from the Federal Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and the data breach notification laws. Majority of the individual states of America implemented these approaches to operators of websites directed at children within the U.S. and notified responsible person for serious data breach (Fleischer, 2010, n.p.). With global internet privacy policy, it is not only privacy of information that is being protected but the welfare of the children and the intellectual property rights as well. How do analytics support business experimentation? Give an example of how a company might use business

Situational Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Situational Leadership - Research Paper Example Latest research found that most leaders exhibited one of four combinations of task and relationship behaviors (Smith, Waller, and Warnock, 1989, p.1). Ken Blanchard and Paul Hersey developed a situational theory of leadership style. Their model of leadership shows that the practice of leading other employees requires one to be able to adopt job experience and skills of the individual employees. There are several theories that try to explain the actual perception and mentality a true leader should have, but all in all, a situational leader is required to be able to adapt their leadership skills according to the needs of the employees and perform it effectively according to situational context (Blanchard & Hersey, 2010). An effective or/and efficient leader is a leader who practices a behavioral and situational leadership. This kind of leader should be able to test different compromising situation to be able to determine which style of leadership will be successful in a particular situation (Lyons & Goldsmith, 2006, p.27). Effective leaders have the potential, interests, abilities and exemplary personality behavior to lead than non-effective leaders. They have the desire and willingness to lead others in the right way because they are always empowered by full confidence all the time. Not all successful leaders are effective or situational leaders, but the most successful ones have higher intelligence and emotional maturity (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2007, p.216). Successful leaders have the desire to achieve better results in whatever position they are holding. They keep on seeking one goal after the other without depending on employees for motivation in achieving these goals. One has always a higher sense of integrity by strictly following and practicing the laid down set of values (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2007, p.217). An effective leader

An Analysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition in the Essay

An Analysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition in the Banking Industry, using Porters Five Forces Model - Essay Example It helps to reduce physical and high operating cost (Johns and Perrott, 2008). For example, Amazon.com use internet that reduces its operating costs, so, it provides books at low costs as compared to large conventional bookstores. Requirement of knowledge: For the banks, large capital is required, but in internet banking, no physical networks are required. Online banking deliver services more economically and speedily. Internet banking changes the rules of competition for small and large banks and minimizes the importance of physical distance and location (Siaw and Yu, 2004). Brand building: Brand building is necessary for products and banking services that are undifferentiated. The internet creates the high-level image of brand that helps to make more informed purchase decisions for customers because they found everything on the web. The internet is helpful to change the balance of power for the customer’s benefits. Customer segmentation: Financial institutions can increase profits through effective customer segmentation. Internet banking is an effective channel for reaching customers. With the help of this, banks can target same customers through internet services (Johns and Perrott, 2008). On the other hand, customers gain more profits from internet banking as compared to traditional banking. So, it is profitable for banks to develop the lucrative market segment, identify profitable internet banking customers and target them. Customer relationship management: In the banking industry, a firm develops new products and other banks copy them quickly, so, customers shift from one bank to another and internet makes it easy for customers. Thus, to differentiate, banks should manage the relationship with customers (Momparler, Climent and Ballester, 2012). Through the internet, bank can provide product information and other services to target customers and maintain relationships with them for long-term profitability. Global market: Internet has

Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applications - Essay Example Therefore, introduction of the UGVs will help the agency to reinforce the security of its confidential packages while in transit. The robotic technology will be useful at the NIPR, SIPR and JWICS levels. The NIPRNet will basically be depending on high speed of the UGVs for transportation of data records to the headquarters in order to allow faster relying of data across the network. The information relayed across the network is not confidential but faster reliance would enable the private users to gain the necessary information conveniently. On the other hand, the NIPRNet would benefit from the UGVs through taking advantage of both their speed and high security of records while in transit. The network deals with highly confidential information that has to be secured effectively while eradicating all loopholes to security including human error. Therefore, the UGVs will be depended upon to transport manual files to the agency buildings for effective sharing of information across the network. Finally, the JWICS will benefit from the UGVs through securing effective sharing of material resources by the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of Defense and Department of State. This factor will ensure faster and reliable sharing of highly sensitive classified materials between the

An Analysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition in the Essay

An Analysis of the Impact of the Internet on Competition in the Banking Industry, using Porters Five Forces Model - Essay Example It helps to reduce physical and high operating cost (Johns and Perrott, 2008). For example, Amazon.com use internet that reduces its operating costs, so, it provides books at low costs as compared to large conventional bookstores. Requirement of knowledge: For the banks, large capital is required, but in internet banking, no physical networks are required. Online banking deliver services more economically and speedily. Internet banking changes the rules of competition for small and large banks and minimizes the importance of physical distance and location (Siaw and Yu, 2004). Brand building: Brand building is necessary for products and banking services that are undifferentiated. The internet creates the high-level image of brand that helps to make more informed purchase decisions for customers because they found everything on the web. The internet is helpful to change the balance of power for the customer’s benefits. Customer segmentation: Financial institutions can increase profits through effective customer segmentation. Internet banking is an effective channel for reaching customers. With the help of this, banks can target same customers through internet services (Johns and Perrott, 2008). On the other hand, customers gain more profits from internet banking as compared to traditional banking. So, it is profitable for banks to develop the lucrative market segment, identify profitable internet banking customers and target them. Customer relationship management: In the banking industry, a firm develops new products and other banks copy them quickly, so, customers shift from one bank to another and internet makes it easy for customers. Thus, to differentiate, banks should manage the relationship with customers (Momparler, Climent and Ballester, 2012). Through the internet, bank can provide product information and other services to target customers and maintain relationships with them for long-term profitability. Global market: Internet has

Texting with shortcut Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Texting with shortcut - Essay Example Young individuals have developed various acronyms or shortcuts for the purpose of text messaging. They have a shortcut for almost even word in the English dictionary in order to use them in their text messages. For example: they use â€Å"143† in order to refer to the phrase â€Å"I love you† and they use the shortcut â€Å"lol† to refer to â€Å"laugh out loud† (Cennamo 258). They assert that the use of shortcuts, alternative words, and symbols is very convenient since it delivers relevant message in a brief and concise manner. Moreover, texting with shortcut enables users to convey their message without having to stop whatever they were doing. This allows the users to address other tasks and emergencies. The mobility of this idea equally enables users to communicate from any location with access to mobile phone signals. Texting with shortcut defines a unique identity adopted by the young generation for socialization purposes (Telegraph Media Group Limite d 1). The availability of technological devices like smartphones has made it possible for the young and old to access and use texting with shortcut. As such, texting with shortcut has become the most prominent mode of communication between friends, colleagues, and family members. The proponents of this idea note claim that it has played an important role in restoring the significance of writing. Subject to its prominence and merits, some companies are using texting with shortcut for advertisements. Texting with shortcuts is a behavior that should be discouraged by teachers, parents as well as students because it disrupts the formal way of writing, it decreases a student’s ability to express themselves and even decreases the quality of communication that takes place between different individuals. However, many people including me are against the idea of texting with shortcut especially among the young generation that are students. Despite the perceived

Race in america Essay Example for Free

Race in america Essay At the turn of the last century, WEB Dubois wrote, â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line, the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea. Every study has come to the same conclusion that biologically, there are no races, yet the social construction of race as a category is alive and well today. The classification system, which radicalized different groups typifying them according to their skin color and/or other defining features has a long history. With the advent of colonialism, racism underpinned the different and negative valuations attached to skin color. The racism of today is much more subtle and is no longer the blatant discrimination based on the color or your skin. It exists within the institutions of our society. It is the combination of government, corporate and media institutional racism that is largely responsible for the inequities of today. Unfortunately, these divisions impact the way in which we live our life and how we advance socially. Race has always been a complicated subject and is inevitable. Although we have made tremendous strides to dismantle the foundations of racism, it is clear and evident that racism still persists within the institutions of our society. I believe that America is one of greatest countries on the earth and it is a land of opportunity for everyone. The American dream is alive and well and many people of all races have had tremendous success. With these positives in place, it is no wonder why there have been so many incredible achievements by African Americans in the 21st century to include the obvious the first black president. Over the years there has been much success in trying to dismantle discrimination against different races. By the time the modern civil rights movement arose during the mid-20th century, subjugation had prospered for nearly three hundred years. It was precisely this legalized subjugation that was the major target of the modern civil rights movement. Brown v. Board of Education was decided in 1954; Rosa Parks sat down in a Montgomery bus in 1955; the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in 1963; and in an exhilarating five year period, three federal laws were passed-the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968-that taken together established a legal framework for racial justice. Over intense, opposition, the civil rights movement had succeeded, by 1968, in dismantling the legal structure of Jim Crow laws and replacing it with a legal structure designed to ensure equality and dismiss discrimination on all levels. Although these laws were very successful, you will still find racism within the institutions of our society. This â€Å"institutional racism† impacts every aspect of life in the 21st century from schooling to employment. It forms an invisible barrier that is hard to comprehend among all ethnic groups. Racism in our institutions can enter in every part of a persons life and make it extremely difficult to advance socially, financially or politically. What is even worse is that racism does not just affect individuals; it affects entire communities and has an affect African American progress in the 21st century. These divisions in society create a whole cycle. If you don’t get the same job opportunities, you cannot afford the same education as some others, which lead to poor decisions because you don’t know any better. It is not because they are inferior; it is because they do not have the same opportunities because of racial prejudice. Racism is present in government bodies, private business corporations, and universities. Redlining is a clear example of how institutional racism is present in our society. The ability of Banks, mega-corporations, and major financial institutions top pick winners and losers has setup a system of vast inequality between poor black communities and the middle class. Many of these private businesses use redlining to systematically shut minorities out of business opportunities, healthy food choices and banking options. Another example of how we see race in our society today is through college admissions. One of the first things we are asked to fill out in our applications is what race we are. Affirmative action has been created that takes factors such as race, gender, religion, into consideration in order to benefit an unrepresented group in education. This policy has been taken place in order to counter the effects of past discrimination. Although this seems like a good policy to equalize educational opportunity, it can also presents controversies on how different races are treated. For example, Abigail Fisher a white Texan was denied admissions into the University of Texas while less qualified Latinos and African Americans were accepted. University of Michigans college applications you automatically receive 20 points out of 100 if your black. The policies presented in the institutions of our society clearly present how race discrimination is still evident in our society. Because we have been so ingrained with racial differences it is hard to escape, we need to be willing to hold equal values for everyone in order to truly see change. As another major institution in society, the media plays a critical role in racial discrimination. They provide us with definitions about who we are as a nation; they reinforce our values and norms; they give us concrete examples of what happens to those who transgress these norms; and most importantly, they perpetuate certain ways of seeing the world and peoples within that world. Racism has been evident in media for quite some time and has influenced many people. Birth of the Nation by D. W. Griffith was one of the many ways that displayed African Americans as inferior. The film featured two themes in which suggested that the KKK had been responsible for quelling the unrest in the South after the civil war, and that African Americans were the cause of all the problems in the United States. â€Å"Griffith seared images of degraded images into the minds of millions. A whole new generation of consumers of American mass media was fed the same old stereotypes of shape images of African Americans† (Lee Baker). Even as it did back then, the media still plays an important role in reinforcing our thoughts about racial inferiority. Today the Media have divided the working class and stereotyped young African-American males as gangsters or drug dealers. As a result of such treatment, the media have crushed youths prospects for future employment and advancement. The media have focused on the negative aspects of the black community (e. g.engaging in drug use, criminal activity, welfare abuse) while maintaining the cycle of poverty that the elite wants. Because we have been brainwashed by racism in media for so long, it has affected the way we view people today and has created divisions in our society in the 21st century. The 21st Century has brought about many attempted changes in society. There is legislation against discrimination in its many forms. Affirmative action has been used as an attempt to ensure individuals are given equal opportunity for employment, housing, and other types of advancement. Television shows have changed format and characters to seek political correctness. Nevertheless, society cleverly and subtly maintains its separate views of the races. With this the racism in the institutions in our society such as the in the media or education, makes it extremely difficult for certain people to advance in life. There will always be those who will fight for change while others resist, seeking to maintain the status quo. But overall there can still be no improvement unless many individuals work together for equality.

Political Dynasty: Advantages and Disadvantages

Political Dynasty: Advantages and Disadvantages Filipinos have always been proud of how much value is put into the concept of family. In the Filipino community, it can be seen how close families can be when they go as far as supporting even extended members of the family, despite the hardships and nuisances it may bring. It is not uncommon to see cousins, aunts, and grandparents all living together under one roof in the typical Filipino household. Being clannish  [1]  and family oriented people, Filipinos tend to give in to relatives and friends. Although it could very well serve as a positive trait that Filipinos have, it can also pose as a problem that no matter how principled one may be, it is so easy for one to bend the rules in favor of their beloved kapamilya  [2]  . The same clannish trait of the Filipinos is one that is not forgotten in the arena of Philippine politics. Since time immemorial, political dynasties have been in the Philippine political arena and still are very much around today. Sons and daughters, nephews and nieces, and even wives of political figures have been seen to enter politics not for merit or expertise, but simply because of affinity by blood to those who hold the political power. Power, in terms of how it is transferred from one family member to another, is handed from a seniority to his or her successor by means of a padrino  [3]  system where the successor is endorsed by an outgoing member of the family so that the successor would rake in the same support that the outgoing member had received from his supporters when he or she was in a position of power. Here it is not seen that it is not merely a show of power but that there is an organized transfer of this same power that runs within these political dynasties that keep them surviving up until today. The most famous or infamous of which, include the Marcoses  [4]  , with Ferdinand, Imelda, Imee and Bongbong, and the Estradas or Ejercitos  [5]  , with Erap, Loi, Jinggoy and JV (Joseph Victor) (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). In the municipal and provincial government, positions of power are usually dominated by a particular clan. Family members simply take turns in alternating between various posts for as long as the term allows. In the May 14, 2007 elections, as much as 53 candidates belonging to a background of political dynasties ran for office. Among which included families like the Aquinos, Biazons, De Venecias, Ortegas, Rectos, Roxases, Remullas and many others (Somosierra, 2007). Also in the recent May 10, 2010 elections, the same candidates from powerful political families landed key positions in government. Senator Benigno Simeon Noynoy Aquino topped the presidential race while Makati City Mayor Jejomar Binay surprisingly bagged the position of vice president. In the senatorial race, the likes of Senators Ramon Bong Revilla Jr. a nd Jinggoy Estrada were re-elected to the same position as they topped the list of winning senatorial candidates. Influence and Power of Political Dynasties The political dynasty undoubtedly plays an influential role in Philippine society. Families of political dynasties are sitting side by side to deliberate on important legislations that will affect the future of more than 80 million Filipinos both young and old for generations to come (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). It has been often contended that political dynasties go against the values upheld by democracy since it does not provide an equal opportunity for people to hold offices of power and service. With the set-up of the political dynasty, it seems as if positions of power are exclusively dominated by a particular clan or family. Arguably, the political dynasty is said to monopolize the system of governance since it limits the chances of other common Filipinos to serve the people. It creates a brain drain in the sense that the new and capable leader who could possibly perform better than those currently in office, would not be given an opportunity when running against someone wi th a name. Former Mayor, and now DILG Secretary Jesse Robredo of Naga City, who has firmly stood against political dynasties, he believes, The right to serve does not belong to one family alone. Ordinary people who deserve to be empowered should be given the opportunity to serve the community,  [6]  (Medel, 2007).It is undeniable that there are candidates who are voted into office simply because of their name and fame. Sons, siblings and even wives of politicians people who have no knowledge whatsoever of how to lead and serve, are voted into office simply because of their connection to previous leaders. Electoral votes are not so much based on the capability of one to serve, but rather on the name carried by one who is running. It is quite obvious that the family name of an elected official or a potential candidate plays a big role in the success of one who falls under the category of being part of a political family. It can be identified that power can be seen not only in exe rcises of excess but also in tangible things such as a candidates family name. This symbolic power could be seen as a perpetuation of the power system that runs through a political dynasty since it plays a big role in a dynastys continued existence and evolution. The validity of the political dynasty has always remained a highly debatable matter. Why do traditional political clans that which do not ground their resources based on their economic stance, still exist in the Philippine political arena despite some rejections by others that it does not provide equal opportunities for other candidates to run for public office? What key elements existing in these political dynasties make them dominant in the political arena up until today? Does the existence of the political dynasty really help the Filipino people, or is it just making the political maturity of the nation stagnant? (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). Despite the negative connotation brought about by political dynasties and its detrimental effects throughout Philippine history, political dynasties are not entirely negative and can bring certain positive effects. The solution to stop the negative effects linked to political dynasties is not to ban political dynasties in general, but inst ead, to educate people to vote more responsibly in choosing a leader. In this paper, I intend to find the factors that make political dynasties relevant today in the face of a democratic Philippine society by taking into consideration Michel Foucaults theory on power and Vladimir Lenins theory on organization. In line with what Michel Foucault mentioned in his work, Discipline and Punish, political dynasties in the Philippines are unique in a way that they possess dynamic qualities that keep them surviving up until today. He stressed in his work that power is exercised in ways that it can be excessive to maintain order and discipline in society. The example would be that of Francois Damiens  [7]  , who was publicly tortured and executed for his attempt to assassinate the sovereign. As Foucault recounts the event, one can see the display of the excessive use of power to punish Damiens for his actions, as seen in his recount wherein à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Damiens, who cried out profusely, though without swearing, raised his head and looked at himself; the same executioner dipped an iron spoon, in the pot containing boiling potion, which he poured liberally over each wound  [8]  (Focault, 1977). Here we can see the sovereigns excessive use of power to punish a subject who attempted to challen ge his sovereignty by attempting to take his life. Francois Damiens public torture and execution was made as an example to others that contesting the kings sovereignty would be subject to the same level of punishment or worse. What Michel Foucault was reiterating in his account of Damiens torture is that power is primarily being exercised on the body as a means of strategizing the deployments of power rather than to punish the violator by causing physical pain. The crime committed by Damiens was against the body of the king; therefore, the punishment that was given to the violator was also against his body, through the form of torture. The pain caused to the body was clearly not intended only for the body alone but rather reached out to those who have witnessed or heard about the execution. The gravity of such an event still touches on modernity in a way that whoever reads or hears about such an event could still feel the gravity of the excessive use of power. During the early 18th century, there was a display of excessive torture on the body according to Michel Foucault. In a span of a few decades, the process of torture became a process of organized disciplinary action in the form of a penal justice system. This evolution of torture saw the disappearance of punishment on the body and a loosening of the hold of the sovereign over the body. In the disappearance of punishment, it enters into the abstract consciousness of society rather than of perceptions. Moreover, there is a focus on the effectivity of punishment rather than of spectacles, wherein it focuses only on visibility or intensity of punishment such as that of Foucaults account of Damiens torture. On the loosening of hold of the sovereign on the body, one can see that punishment no longer touched the body but rather as Foucault would state, The body now serves as an instrument or intermediary: if one intervenes upon it to imprison it, or to make it work, it is in order to deprive the individual of a liberty that is regarded both as a right and as property  [9]  (Focault, 1977). In the spectacle of scaffolds, executioners served as the kings hand in punishing offenders. As time passed, doctors, psychiatrists, guidance counselors, judges and jail wardens now took over the executioners role of administering punishment. As Foucault aptly put it, To sum up, ever since the new penal system that defined by the great codes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been in operation, a general process has led judges to judge something other than crimes; they have been led in their sentences to do something other than judge; and the power of judging has been transferred in part, to other authorities than the judges of the offence. The whole penal operation has taken on extra-juridical elements and personnel.  [10]  (Focault, 1977). Negative Sides to Political Dynasties The very excess of the violence employed is one of the elements of glory: the fact that the guilty man should moan and cry out under the blows is not a shameful side effect, it is the very ceremonial of justice being expressed in all its force. Hence no doubt those tortures that take place even after death: corpses burnt, ashes thrown to the winds, bodies dragged on hurdles and exhibited at the roadside. Justice pursues the body beyond all possible pain  [11]  (Focault, 1977) Similar to what Foucault had studied about power relations, this paper, uses the same theory but relates it to the phenomenon of political dynasties in the Philippines. Throughout Philippine history, the political dynasty has taken on a negative connotation. Often linked to problems like graft, corruption, and abuse of power, it has taken on a detrimental role to society. Perhaps the most infamous of all would be the political dynasty of the Marcos family. Alleged to have embezzled between US$5 billion and US$10 billion from the Philippines, Transparency International  [12]  has ranked Ferdinand Marcos at second on a list of the worlds most corrupt political leaders of the past two decades; surpassed only by former Indonesian President Suharto (Ferdinand Marcos: Killer File, 2000). Names like the Estradas/Ejercitos and the Singson families have also linked the image of the political dynasty to allegations of graft and corruption. Luis Chavit Singson, governor of the province of I locos Sur, alleged that he had personally given Estrada the sum of 400 million pesos as payoff from illegal gambling profits such as jueteng, as well as 180 million pesos from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers marketing cooperative. Singsons allegation caused an uproar across the nation, which culminated in Estradas impeachment trial by the House of Representatives in November 13, 2000. A more recent example, would be that of the Ampatuans, whose name has been thrust to the limelight after the event of the Maguindanao Massacre  [13]  where 58 individuals consisting of their family rivals, the Mangudadatus, relatives and some journalists were shot and killed preventing them from filing their patrons certificate of candidacy. Families linked to political dynasties flood the news with allegations of all sorts of crime ranging from corruption, theft, murder and even rape. Regardless of whether these are proven or unproven, it all translates into the tarnished and dirty image that the political dynasty holds in todays society. This is exactly what Michel Foucault talks about in the spectacle of the scaffold wherein there is a display of an excessive use of power through torture. As Foucault mentions, there are three criterions where punishment must follow in order to fall under the category of torture. The first being, that it must manifest pain on a certain degree, that could be seen in the example of Francois Damiens torture. The second being that such pain is regulated in a way that suffering is maximized rather than imposing death immediately because this suffering would insure a more effective notice of change on the offenders part. Last but not least, perhaps the most important would be that torture ma rks the individual and that it should serve as a spectacle. Torture marking the individual means that there is a reclaiming of the sovereign by the ruler and that the making of the execution as a spectacle would serve as a public display of the rulers sovereignty. Such a public execution seeks to reach out to the whole of the society by letting the thought of punishment run through their consciousness making them aware of the total power of the sovereign, them serving as his subjects. The context of the logic of torture is that there is contempt for body, wherein the body serves a possession of the sovereign. There is a political need for the sovereign to display his power which will serve as a recognition of his dominance over his subjects. In addition, this display of power actually runs through an internal organization of politicization and serves as a disciplining factor towards order. As Foucault mentions how the Enlightenment period called torture as an atrocity, atrocity is one of those that best designates the economy of public torture in the old penal practice.  [14]  (Focault, 1977) Further, he states that insofar as being the crime before everyones eyes in all its severity, the punishment must take responsibility for this atrocity: it must bring to light by confessions, statements, inscription that make it public, it must reproduce it in ceremonies that apply it to the body of the guilty person in the form of humiliation and pain. Atrocity is that p art of the crime that the punishment turns back as torture in order to display it in the full light of day  [15]  (Focault, 1977) In light of Michel Foucaults study of power, he shows how the display of excessive power can serve as a negative connotation towards disciplining society. In relation to the existence of political dynasties, their display of excessive power by means of running private armies or reliance on coercion in order to establish and maintain their power, could very well serve as a detriment to public order as well as to their own existence. This is where Vladimir Lenins theory on organization can come into play because power alone in a democratic society, especially excessive power, can clash with the values of democracy while power coupled with proper organization could compromise with the said values. Organization, furthermore, would tweak how power is distributed, dispersed and used on the sovereigns subjects. In the case of political dynasties where power is seen to be a tool used for political domination, power alongside organization can produce an effective dynasty, which operates on be half of and for the public rather than for itself and its interests. Good Sides to Political Dynasties In his book, What is to be done?, Vladimir Lenin talks about the importance of organization to serve as a focusing of all efforts towards a certain goal. An organized exercise of power would mean that there is a proper system that is undergone where it is both regulated and directed towards achieving a goal rather than just a spectacle. In the case of political dynasties, despite the weaknesses that they are prone to, it also has its strengths. Political dynasties provide continuity and political stability which is particularly obvious in provinces such as those held by the Josons of Nueva Ecija, Ortegas of La Union, and Dys of Isabela. There is minimal political risk and this plays a huge role when it comes to investments. With the continuity offered by political dynasties, investors can be assured that laws do not change mid-stream of an investors project and that business agreements made in the past would still be upheld in the succeeding generations. This sparks an interest in t erms of foreign corporations doing business in third world countries since it takes out premium on political instability insurance (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). Furthermore, this continuity assures that the desired goal is achieved overtime and will be implemented throughout a long-term establishment made by these dynasties. In addition, their continued existence help promote continued progress and development, so long as the succeeding leader is actually capable and not just voted for his namesake. For example, a son who is to take the place of his fathers position in office, would be able to benefit from the experience and guidance of his father. Assuming that the succeeding leader has been trained from early on by the example of good leaders who have also lead from his dynasty, he would be able to emulate the good qualities and learn from mistakes made in the past as well as assure the constant upholding of the good qualities taught by his predecessors. By this process of lear ning from the example of the previous generations, they would have a huge advantage in terms of leadership and experience. An example of a prosperous region, which has been ruled under a political dynasty for over a century, is La Union. The family of Ortegas have occupied elective and appointed positions in the province since the 20th century. In 1901, Joaquin Ortega was appointed governor by the US colonial administration. In 2006, ten Ortegas were holding various elective posts in La Union  [16]  (Medel, 2007). The prosperity of the region speaks clearly, of how well the dynasty has managed. Boasting a 97% literacy rate and a 94.77% employment rate, La Union is classified as a first class province (La Union, 2007). The City of San Fernando is now the seat of national government agencies in Region I and center of trade, commerce, financial and educational institutions, among others. From a deep rooted potential of stable community governance, to international shipping, an airport with viable capacity to accommodate international air traffic, natural terrain conducive to tourism development and a pe ople endowed with cultural and virtuous heritage of industry, spirituality, nationalism and aspiration for growth, peace and prosperity, the City of San Fernando has emerged as the booming Metropolis of the North. (San Fernando City). In response to issues raised regarding the continued existence of a political dynasty in the region, Mayor Mary Jane C. Ortega replies, It is not an issue. Why punish people who deliver? Like in Frankfurt, they have a Mayor for 25 years and she keeps delivering. Look how developed Frankfurt is. It is not an issue if you are in power for a long time. It is not actually the length of service. It is the quality of service that you give. If the leader delivers, why punish him/ her? On the other hand, if you have a term limitation, three years is too long kung hindi naman nagdedeliver,  [17]  (Medel, 2007). Another respectable leader belonging to families with a background in political dynasties include Senator Mar Roxas, son of the illustrious Senator Gerry Roxas, and the grandson of the venerable President Manuel Roxas whose public service careers have greatly benefited the country. Mars public service life began in the House of Representatives in 1993. After his congressional stint, he was appointed as Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry; and then in 2004, he was elected to the Senate with a staggering 20 million votes the largest ever obtained by a candidate in any Philippine election. Mars stint in the House is most noted for his principal authorship of RA 7880, also known as the Roxas Law, which ensures fair distribution of the education capital budget among all the provinces. This gave life to his advocacy for fair and equitable access to education, free from regional bias and political patronage considerations. Owing to his record of accomplishments as a public se rvant and political leader, the international community described Mar as one of the young leaders in politics and business who will bring Asia and the Pacific to the forefront of world affairs. (Senator Mar A. Roxas) At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Mar was named as one of the Global Leaders of Tomorrow who is expected to shape the future. (Senator Mar A. Roxas) Recently, the Singapore Government has awarded him as the 16th Lee Kuan Yew Fellow (Senator Mar A. Roxas). Another example of a leader who has chosen to stick by his principles despite the temptations offered by that of a political dynasty is Governor Barbers. Governor Robert Lyndon S. Barbers is the eldest son of Senator Robert Bobby Z. Barbers and Vergie Smith of Makati City. The family has a deep-rooted background in politics. His brother was second district Rep. of Surigao del Norte and was succeeded by other family members who ran for governor in the province. Despite his familys involvement in a political dynasty, Lyndon Barbers has made a clear stand against nepotism; relatives are banned from benefiting from any project on account of his position as Governor. This has been proven on several instances. A relative of his was once caught operating a sand-gravel quarrying business without a license or permit and was brought to court. In another instance, a cousin of his was arrested for illegal gambling operations  [18]  (Medel, 2007). In addition, there are many other families be longing to political dynasties that have also contributed a great deal into building the nation and serving its people. Families like the Magsaysays, Osmenas, Biazons, Cayetanos, Villars, Duavits, Escuderos, Espinas, Gordons, Madrigals, Mitras Plazas, and Rectos have done a good job of keeping a clean image. These are the leaders who prove that the political dynasty can be beneficial to society so long as it does not abuse its power. It cannot be discounted that one will not practice the use of power, although, there can be ways wherein this power can be diverted into good reasons to achieve societal order and development. This is what Vladimir Lenin is stresses when he mentions in his work that, Such workers, average people of the masses, are capable of displaying enormous energy and self-sacrifice in strikes and in street, battles with the police and the troops, and are capable (in fact, are alone capable) of determining the outcome of our entire movement but the struggle against the political police requires special qualities; it requires professional revolutionaries  [19]  (Lenin, 1902). In this quotation, Lenin stresses that organizing a mass of people requires a strategic use of power as opposed to a fueling of the mobs emotions. A possible historical example would be that of the American Revolution in contrast to the French revolution. The French revolution had failed to recognize their freedom becaus e they failed to organize their efforts of systemizing their revolution. The leaders of the French revolution relied solely on power and doing so led to the abuse and struggle of power. In the end, the French revolution served as a spectacle of disorganization, wherein towards the end, Napoleon Bonapartes emergence to take hold of power was recognized. This emergence of Napoleon from this disorganization is an opposite to that of an organized succession and transfer of power seen in the American Revolution. The American Revolution, through proper organization, gave birth to freedom, liberty and equality among the states. The transfer and succession of power from one president to another required organization as well as a regulation of their, being the presidents, powers. The political dynasty has its own share of pros and cons. There are examples of good political dynasties as well as bad ones. However, it is usually the faults of the political dynasty that are highlighted and scrutinized. More often than not, the news is filled with reports about charges of theft, plunder and whatnot. As a result of which, many have turned to the solution of trying to ban political dynasties completely. Laws Regarding Political Dynasties In terms of the legality of political dynasties, Art. II, Sec. 26 of the Constitution says, The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. However, there is no clear definition of political dynasties and therefore the provision is none self-executing. It is the most ignored policy by Congress due to certain reasons. The framers left it to the congress to define political dynasties which it has not done (Cruz, 2007). This loophole in the law has allowed the political dynasty to continue up to the present day even if it is technically not allowed. The only law being actively enforced to prevent the abuse of power is the term limits on elective positions. However, providing a term limit for elective officials is easily countered by having families pass on their power. To retain political hold on his constituents, a forcibly retired official arranges to have his wife, a mistress, one of his children, his own siblings, or a parent to occupy his position for one term. After which, he will be qualified again to run for office (Cruz, 2007). In an effort to ban political dynasties, there was an anti-dynasty bill that was filled by Majority Floor Leader Arthur Defensor of Iloilo. Section Five of House Bill 783, which reads, Any person who has a political dynasty relationship with an incumbent elective official is disqualified from running for any elective public office within the same city and/or province where the elective public official is running. This bill will only be proactive. It will not affect those who are already currently holding positions. The bill also limits the definition of a political dynasty relationship as existing only among relatives up to the second degree of affinity or consanguinity. Thus, only the spouse, children, siblings or parents of the incumbent are deemed disqualified and similar in-law relationship. The bill disallows a relative of an incumbent from running for a position like governor, vice governor, mayor, vice mayor, as these positions are vested executive power. Another distinct feat ure of this bill is that it allows relatives of the incumbent to run for posts such as board member or councilor where power is shared owing to the collegial nature of the office. The idea of the bill is to bar relatives from holding positions where power is concentrated in an individual, but not from positions where decision-making is made through deliberation and consensus (Bordadora, 2007). Solution to Problems Regarding Political Dynasties Although this new bill seems like a good and effective idea for countering the negative effects of the existence political dynasties, it has yet to have been decided by legislators whether this will be fully implemented or not. It is up to the Congress to decide whether this bill will be passed and it seems highly unlikely that they will do so. This is partly due to the fact that political dynasties have become so much a part of the current system of governance that it is almost impossible to change. I dont think it has much of a chance under the present Congress, stated Defensor regarding his opinion on possibility of the bill being passed (Bordadora, 2007). Like it or not, the emergence of political dynasties in the Philippines still operate well within the framework of so-called democracy (PHILIPPINEPOLITICS.NET., 2000). No matter how much effort is put against the political dynasty, it is here to stay. It is simply futile to hope for any change regarding the current laws on political dynasties. Instead of looking at something that is simply out of reach, people should realize that there lies a much simpler solution. It would be impossible to ban all political dynasties in general; however, it is possible to put an end to the bad political dynasties. People should realize that they are the ones who elect their leaders into office. No matter how strong a political dynasty may be, sovereignty is held by the people. At the end of the day, it will be the people to decide whether or not a dynasty will be succeeded. Absolute power is when you have a dictatorship. We still have to go through an election. The electorate will be the ones to dic tate who are the ones who will lead. The people have the power, not the officials  [20]  (Medel, 2007). All this talk about outlawing political dynasties and its bad effects would not even be necessary if people were to vote mor

Martin Luther :: History

Martin Luther When studying the facets of Western Civilization, a few recurring questions must be analyzed. Will those in power abuse it? Unfortunately, yes. Does freedom spawn intellectual, technological and social progress? For the most part, yes. Was Martin Luther, in historical terms, a â€Å"bad ass?† Carter Lindberg states in his book The European Reformations, â€Å"An initial move to control the complicated and multifaceted reality of the Reformation is to define the terms used for it and the era it covers.† In order to secure Luther in the annuals of history as a â€Å"bad ass†, one must not only clarify the characteristics of that title, but also view his accomplishments in a 21st Century frame of reference. First, it should be determined which historical figures might fall into the category of being labeled a â€Å"bad ass.† At this point, the common characteristics of a historical â€Å"bad ass† will become evident. Second, after determining these cha racteristics, they then must be applied to Luther and the result will be forthcoming. Possible historical â€Å"bad asses† (chronologically): Hammurabi, Socrates, Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Marc Antony, Julius Caesar, Jesus Christ, Augustus Casear, Muhammad, William the Conqueror, Genghis Kahn, Leonardo da Vinci, Magellan, Louis XIV, Thomas Jefferson, Và ¢clav Havel, Roberto Baggio and Bill Clinton. Just looking at this shortlist, it’s noticeable that most of these men were in a position of power. Except for Socrates, Jesus, Leonardo, Magellan and Baggio, these individuals were in a position of direct political or military authority and in some cases both. Let’s take a more detailed look at Alexander, Hannibal, Jesus, Muhammad and Magellan. Alexander the Great- Son of King Phillip of Macedonia. He was tutored by Aristotle and despite his classical education became one of the greatest military geniuses ever. At the time of this death, Alexander commanded an empire that stretched from the Mediterranean basin to Persia. Glenn Blackburn, author of Western Civilization: A Concise History Vol. 1, gives this description of Alexander. â€Å"Some historians believe that he was simply a great military leader who knew well how to fight and conquer. Others see Alexander as what he claimed to be, an apostle of Greek culture who used Greek language and institutions to unify a cosmopolitan empire† (p.82). Alexander’s greatness was even acknowledged in the motion picture Die Hard. The films antagonist, Hans Gruber remarks, â€Å"And when Alexander saw the breadth of his domain, he wept.

Mise-En-Scene

Mise-en-scene denotes the varying elements that are placed in a scene. This includes the camera needed components that are used to generate meaning –costume/lighting/acting and the types of shots used and camera techniques/movements. Thus the main function of Mise-en-scene is to add to the narrative by creating meaning, allowing creative expression through the physical  manipulation of each scene. The chosen film is Bram Stokers Dracula, 1992. The establishing shot begins with Vladimir turning against God.From the onset strong religious symbolism such as and Islamic crescent as a shadow on a map and a crucifix falling to the ground are present. The non-diagetic sound that is heard creates a dramatic tone with a building crescendo when the battle commences with Vladimir kissing the Cross. The battle is portrayed similar to a marionette show surrounded by blazing fire, creating a mystical atmosphere. The use of subtitles when Vladimir is informed of his wife’s suicide a gain supports a mythical ambience and shifts Vladimir’s belief in God, by throwing down his sword blood pours from the freshly pierced cross.Binary opposition is present with Good vs. Evil with the blood covering the ground. This represents the smother effect of evil. The responder is then presented with a shift from the current scene to the bitter sites of London a desolate contrast to the just occurred. We are informed of the date and situation emphasising that we are now viewing the present opposed to a the past. Meaning is primarily shaped by mise-en-scene in the opening sequence due to very thin dialogue.The narration by Anthony Hopkins helps the responder link meaning to the mise-en-scene. The elements such as the Crescent’s shadow or the falling cross allow us to realise who is fighting and the location. Due to the fact that the meaning is created through both a mixture of mise-en-scene and dialogue through comparative analysis we are able to assume what the tru e meaning is. However in this scene the mise-en-scene is more effective element than dialogue due to the minimal discourse present.The main genre of Bram Stokers Dracula is Horror and uses the typical mise-en-scene associated with this genre. Blood, fire, demonic creates, ominous lighting (red/black), quick camera movement and death all reflect that of a horror film. We can conclude from this that much of the mise-en-scene is determined by the genre. Also the narrative of the film is in contrast to what the mise-en-scene indicates. Dracula goes to England to seduce Jonathan Harker’s fiance and inflict havoc.With analysais of the mise-en-scene we assume that Dracula yearns to inflict havoc, due to the evil looking eye in the sky, the dark ominous lighting. However with support from the dialogue it informs the responder that Dracula feels for his lost wife. Overall the mise-en-scene supports particular aspects of the narrative whilst conveying a gothic and evil atmosphere.Bibli ography  : Bordwell D. and Thompson K. , 2003. Film Art: An Introduction. 7th ed. Mcgraw-Hill Gibbs, J. , 2002. Mise-En-Scene: Film style and interpretation. 1st ed. Wallflower press Mise-En-Scene Mise-en-scene denotes the varying elements that are placed in a scene. This includes the camera needed components that are used to generate meaning –costume/lighting/acting and the types of shots used and camera techniques/movements. Thus the main function of Mise-en-scene is to add to the narrative by creating meaning, allowing creative expression through the physical  manipulation of each scene. The chosen film is Bram Stokers Dracula, 1992. The establishing shot begins with Vladimir turning against God.From the onset strong religious symbolism such as and Islamic crescent as a shadow on a map and a crucifix falling to the ground are present. The non-diagetic sound that is heard creates a dramatic tone with a building crescendo when the battle commences with Vladimir kissing the Cross. The battle is portrayed similar to a marionette show surrounded by blazing fire, creating a mystical atmosphere. The use of subtitles when Vladimir is informed of his wife’s suicide a gain supports a mythical ambience and shifts Vladimir’s belief in God, by throwing down his sword blood pours from the freshly pierced cross.Binary opposition is present with Good vs. Evil with the blood covering the ground. This represents the smother effect of evil. The responder is then presented with a shift from the current scene to the bitter sites of London a desolate contrast to the just occurred. We are informed of the date and situation emphasising that we are now viewing the present opposed to a the past. Meaning is primarily shaped by mise-en-scene in the opening sequence due to very thin dialogue.The narration by Anthony Hopkins helps the responder link meaning to the mise-en-scene. The elements such as the Crescent’s shadow or the falling cross allow us to realise who is fighting and the location. Due to the fact that the meaning is created through both a mixture of mise-en-scene and dialogue through comparative analysis we are able to assume what the tru e meaning is. However in this scene the mise-en-scene is more effective element than dialogue due to the minimal discourse present.The main genre of Bram Stokers Dracula is Horror and uses the typical mise-en-scene associated with this genre. Blood, fire, demonic creates, ominous lighting (red/black), quick camera movement and death all reflect that of a horror film. We can conclude from this that much of the mise-en-scene is determined by the genre. Also the narrative of the film is in contrast to what the mise-en-scene indicates. Dracula goes to England to seduce Jonathan Harker’s fiance and inflict havoc.With analysais of the mise-en-scene we assume that Dracula yearns to inflict havoc, due to the evil looking eye in the sky, the dark ominous lighting. However with support from the dialogue it informs the responder that Dracula feels for his lost wife. Overall the mise-en-scene supports particular aspects of the narrative whilst conveying a gothic and evil atmosphere.Bibli ography  : Bordwell D. and Thompson K. , 2003. Film Art: An Introduction. 7th ed. Mcgraw-Hill Gibbs, J. , 2002. Mise-En-Scene: Film style and interpretation. 1st ed. Wallflower press